當前位置:文思屋>社會工作>外語培訓>

會考英語詞彙的歸類複習

文思屋 人氣:8.97K

一、從用法上覆習歸納詞彙,過語法關

會考英語詞彙的歸類複習

英語詞彙大多具有本身詞義外,還有其語法功能,我們在複習時就不要把著眼點單純放在單詞記憶上,而 要從它們的語法功能上去把握它們,會考英語詞彙歸類複習。如在複習動詞時我們就要根據它們變化形式多、搭配活躍等特點,從它們 的用法上進行分類記憶。這樣,既可記住詞彙,又可攻克語法難關。

1.賓語不同,意義也不同

英語中有些動詞可同時後接不定式和動名詞作賓語,但意義不同。它們是高考試題的考查重點。這類詞主 要有:

go on doing(繼續幹同一件事) go on to do(接著去幹另一件事)

stop doing sth.(停止正在乾的事) stop to do sth.(停下來去幹某事)

regret doing(後悔幹了某事) regret to do(相當於be sorry to do)

forget/remember doing(忘記/記得已做過的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘記/記得要乾的事)

mean doing(意味著幹…) mean to do(想幹…)try doing(嘗試做) try to do(設法做)

(95大學聯考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well,now I regret_____ ___that."

do be doing have done ng done

(92大學聯考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"

try going ng to go try and go going

(87大學聯考)They would not allow him_________across the line. risk going ing going risk to go going

2.都可接賓語和賓補,形式卻不同

某些動詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動詞作賓語時要用動名詞,但接賓補時 ,賓補要用不定式。如: We forbid smoking here.(賓語)We forbid you to smoke here.(賓補)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主補)

3.賓語不同、語態不同,意義卻相同

有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等後可接不定式(要用被動形式),可接動名詞(要用主動形式表被 動意義),可與worth,worthy一併記憶。兩種形式意義相同。如:The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.

(85大學聯考)This sentence needs______________. improvement ove oving oved

4.只接不定式作賓語的詞和片語

只接不定式作賓語的詞和片語有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:(89大學聯考)She pretended_______me when I passed by. to see seeing not see ng not seen

5.只接動名詞作賓語的詞和片語

只接動名詞作賓語的詞和片語:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:

(92大學聯考)I would appreciate_________back this to call call calling are calling

(87大學聯考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______hing be caught g caught catch

6.系動詞

系動詞後可用名詞、不定式、分詞和形容詞等作表語,這類詞有:

表感觀的系動詞:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(這些詞用形容詞作表語)

表變化的系動詞:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依舊的系動詞:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold

可帶名詞作表語的系動詞:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(該詞後接的單數名詞前多不用冠詞。如:He turned teacher.)(91大學聯考)These oranges taste____________ be good be well

7.含"被動"意味的動詞

有些動詞,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它們的主語是事物,且又是表示主語的固有特徵和狀態,與行為方式狀語連 用時,要用主動形式表被動意義:

My pen writes smoothly.我的筆好寫。Oil burns easily.油易燃燒。

(88大學聯考)That suit_________over 60 costed ed cost

(97大學聯考)"Is this raincoat yours?""No,mine____________there behind the door." hanging hung s

8.具有兩種形式的易混動詞

P>  中學英語教材中有些不規則動詞有兩種過去式或兩種過去分詞形式,使用或考測時極易弄混,英語詞彙《會考英語詞彙歸類複習》。如:

hang,hanged,hanged(絞死)hang,hung,hung(掛起)

light,lit,lit(點燃,作謂語)light,lighted,lighted(過去分詞作形容詞用時,意謂"燃燒著的",作定語)

drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,飲;過去分詞作形容詞同時,意謂"醉的.",drunk多作表語,drunke n多作定語)

sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;過去分詞sunken作形容詞用時,作定語)

bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(結果;生育)The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.

lie(撒謊), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,臥,位於),lay, lain, lying

(89大學聯考)Do you know the boy___________under the big tree? ng g

二、從搭配上覆習歸納詞彙,過習語關

英語詞彙的搭配十分活躍,複習時我們要把重點放在某些常用的動詞、名詞或介詞、副詞。我們可按下列 方式進行對比歸納。

1.常用的搭配活躍的名詞: 常用的搭配較活躍的名詞有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短語在中學教材中出現有:in no time(立刻,馬上),on time(按時),in time(及時、遲早、最終),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及時,晚點),at one time(曾經),for a time(一度),at othe r times(其它時候,平素),at times(有時候),at all times(一直,經常)

(93大學聯考)If you keep on,you will succeed_____________ time one time time the same time

(94大學聯考)Don't all speak at once!___________, at on time by one time for each time at a time

2.常用的搭配活躍的動詞: 常用的搭配活躍的動詞有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。複習時我們要儘量將具有相反意義的介詞、副詞與同一動詞的搭配羅列在一起對比記憶,如turn一詞:turn on(開啟),turn off(關上),turn up(放大音量等;出現),turn down(放小音量等;拒絕) ,turn in(上交),turn against(反對),turn out(生產),turn away(避開)

(81大學聯考)Would you mind__________your radio a little? off ing off turn down ing down

(92大學聯考)Readers can_______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. over out of away off

3.常用的搭配活躍的介詞、副詞: 搭配活躍的介詞、副詞有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。複習時,我們要從不同動 詞、名詞等與同一介詞、副詞搭配進行逐一過關,如on的搭配有:

①on與動詞的搭配: get on(上車/船等),live on(以…為生),feed on(以…為生),take on(接受;僱用),turn on(開啟開關/電器等),look on(旁觀),spy on(偵察/窺探),call on(號召;拜訪),go on(繼續 ),have on(穿戴),dependon(依靠),wait on(侍候),carry on(執行),hold on(堅持),insi st on(堅持),play tr-icks on(戲弄),fix on(注視),impress on(留下印象)

②on與名詞搭配(注意冠詞的取捨):on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃燒),on show(展覽),on time(準時) ,on strike(罷工),on watch(監視,觀察),on sale(出售;大減價),on earth(到底,究竟),on journey(旅遊),on foot(步行),on purpose(故意),on the way(在路上),on the contrary(相 反),on one hand(一方面),on the right(在右邊),on the whole(總而言之),on one's own(獨自 ),on one's side(支援,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假/請假)

③其它情況:later on(後來),from now/then on(從現在/那時起),on account of(由於,因為)

(93大學聯考)We offered him our congratulations_______his passing the college entrance exams.

(91大學聯考)A new school was___________in the village last year. up up up ght up

三、從對比詞/片語的同義、詞序或結構等複習歸納詞彙,過辨析關

1.動作動詞和結果動詞: 英語中有些動詞雖然意義相同,但用法不同,有的表示某個動作,而另一個則表示該動作所產生的結果, 這類動詞常見的有:look for(尋找),find(找到);look(看),see(看見);listen(聽),hear(聽到);try(試 圖,不說明是否成功),manage(設法,側重做到);advise(勸告,不說明是否勸成),persuade(勸服,