摘 要
伴隨著資本主義的萌芽，明代社會出現了新興的市民階層。由於社會上市民意識的出現、思想領域中王學左派的興起，使得思想解放潮流興盛起來，產生了新的人生價值觀念，人性得到重視。在這種環境下，市民文學得到了空前繁榮。馮夢龍受到了市民意識的影響，編寫了著名的短篇小說集《3言》。在他的小說裡，女性形象的塑造較之前代作品更為鮮活動人。她們在很多篇章中佔據了核心地位，甚至成了靈魂人物，其鮮明的個性極具時代的魅力。她們追求愛情婚姻自主與平等的願望更加強烈了。她們打破封建禮教中舊的“貞”、“烈”道德觀，提出了追求情慾的合理要求，並發動對禁慾主義和封建道德的挑戰。更為鮮明的1點是：他的小說中有許多女子具有超凡學識才幹，甚至令許多男子汗顏。這些女性形象的出現與當時的社會思潮和文化背景關係頗大。社會上市民意識的興盛是這些女性形象得以存在的土壤，而思想領域中王學左派肯定人慾則是這些女性形象能夠被人們欣賞並接受的哲學依據。
關鍵詞：馮夢龍；《3言》 ；女性形象 ；市民文化
ABSTRACT
The rudiment with the capitalism, new developing citizens stratum appeared in the society in the Ming Dynasty. Because social listing will of the people know appearance, thought field the king studies the rise of the Left, make , free oneself from old ideas trend prosperity stand up , produce new life values, the human nature is paid attention to. Under this kind of environment, it is unprecedentedly prosperous that citizens literature has been got. Feng MengLong has been influenced by citizens consciousness, has written famous collection of short stories " three speeches ". At novel on it is at he,mould with image women than before take the place of works have activity peoples fresh even more. They have occupied the key status in a lot of chapters, even has become soul personages , its distinct individual character has glamour of the times very much. It is stronger that they pursue the love and marry the partner of ones own choice with the equal hope. They break old " chastity " , " strong " moral concept in feudal Confucian or feudal ethical codes, have put forward the rational requirement for pursuing the lust, launch it to asceticism and feudal and ethical challenge. More distinct one point is: There are a lot of women that have extreme knowledge abilities in his novel , even make a lot of men feel deeply ashamed. The appearance , social ideological trend at that time and culture background relation of these women image were quite great. Prosperity that social listing will of the people know whether these woman image must use existing soil, thought field king study the Left affirm it is woman these can people appreciate and philosophy basis that accept in image for people not to want.
Keywords: Feng MengLong; three speeches; Womens image;
Citizens culture