今天小編基於一篇SCI論文，從例項的角度講述幾個SCI論文寫作中需要注意的幾個問題。
題目：不可過長，不可過短，體現關鍵詞，奪人眼球
Heparin versus enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after trauma: A randomized noninferiority trial (注意紅色字型)
摘要：結構式摘要、簡短扼要、概括總結
BACKGROUND: Research comparing enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin (UFH) given every 12 hours for venous thromboembolism (VTE)prophylaxis after trauma overlooks original recommendations that UFH be given every 8 hours. We conducted a prospective,randomized, noninferiority trial comparing UFH every 8 hours and standard enoxaparin every 12 hours. We hypothesized that the incidence of VTE in trauma patients receiving UFH every 8 hours would be no more than 10% higher than that in patients receiving enoxaparin every 12 hours.(表達目的)
METHODS: Trauma patients who met criteria for VTE prophylaxis at a Level I trauma center were randomly assigned to 5,000-U UFH every 8 hours or 30-mg enoxaparin every 12 hours between November 2012 and September 2014. Surveillance duplex ul-trasound was performed twice weekly on intensive care unit patients and weekly on ward patients. Primary end points were deep vein thrombosis diagnosed by duplex ultrasound and pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography angiography.(where,who,what)
RESULTS: Of 495 randomized patients, 220 received UFH and 216 received enoxaparin for analysis. Overall, 105 in the UFH group and103 in the enoxaparin group underwent VTE surveillance or diagnostic testing. In the analysis of randomized patients who received treatment, UFH was noninferior compared with enoxaparin (absolute VTE risk difference, 3.1%; 95% confidence interval, j1.6% to 7.7%; p = 0.196); however, in the screening ultrasound group, the noninferiority of UFH was inconclusive (absolute VTE risk difference, 6.5%; 95% confidence interval, j2.9% to 15.8%; p = 0.179). The two treatments did not differ with regard to adverse events. The pharmaceutical cost for the regimen of UFH ($2,809) was nearly 20-fold lower than that for enoxaparin ($54,138).(體現主要結果，不可只寫p值)
CONCLUSION: A regimen of UFH every 8 hours may be noninferior to enoxaparin every 12 hours for the prevention of VTE following n UFH’s cost advantage, the use of UFH for VTE prophylaxis may offer greater value. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg.2015;79: 961Y969. Copyright * 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)(一定是結果的總結)
Introducation
從大到小，提出問題：就是從大方面描述(流行病)到具體問題的描述(某個疾病)，最後提出自己研究的目的。
正如上例，在Introducation中首先講述了VTE在創傷患者中的流行病，然後講了現在預防的主流方法，最後提出目前方案的侷限性映襯出自己研究的目的。作者是這樣提出問題的： We hypothesized that the incidence of VTE in trauma patients receiving UFH every 8 hours would be no more than 10% higher (i.e., noninferior) than that in patients receiving enoxaparin every 12 hours.
Methods
方法：PICO，統計，樣本量。PICO是什麼，我想不用我多說了不知道的點選：四張圖讀懂PICO原則。我們看看這篇文章是什麼體現PICO的：
P： Patients 18 years and older and at risk forVTE based on the American College of Chest Physicians guidelines were included. 14 Those with an estimated Injury Severity Score (ISS) equal to or less than 9, those expected to have a hospital length of stay less than 7 days by reason of discharge or death, and prisoners were excluded. Additional exclusion criteria included international normalized ratio of 1.2 or greater, body mass index (BMI) greater than 40, creatinine of 1.3 or greater, transfer time to our facility greater than 24 hours, and pregnancy.
I：Eligible patients was randomized to receive either 5,000 U of UFH every 8 hours
C：or 30 mg of enoxaparin every 12 hours.
O：Primary end points were a new DVT or progression of a known below-knee DVT diagnosed by venous duplex ultra- sound (U/S) and a PE diagnosed by computed tomography ndary end points included bleeding events and the occurrence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).(對於如何判斷這些主次要結果都進行了詳細描述，可重複性非常好)
S：A prospective, randomized, two-arm, noninferiority trial(研究型別)
統計：統計方面，其實是非常固定的，如果你沒有采用非常高階的統計學方法。則可以多看一些文獻，按照套路出牌即可。根據資料型別(分類/連續)，分佈情況(正態/非正態)選擇合適的描述統計和統計推斷的方法。
樣本量：任何統計推斷都是在一定的樣本量基礎上進行的。現在大部分雜誌對於RCT研究都要求寫明如何計算樣本量的。本文作者寫道：To achieve 90% power using an a priori margin of 10% with a one-sided > of 0.025, a total of 182 patients (91 in each arm) was required。
Results
在結果描述中，需要注意的是需要和方法中的相對應。在方法中描述了幾個結局指標，在結果中都要提到，至少是不能少的。通常的順序是：納入人群的基本資訊，分組情況，主要結局指標，次要結局指標，事後分析。在結果中就難免會有圖表。需要注意的'一點就是圖表的內容儘量不要和文字部分充分。另外需要注意的就是表頭和圖例的書寫，一定要簡明扼要，吸引眼球，因為現在搜尋文獻基本通過PUBMED，檢索出來之後首先看到的就是題目摘要，之後如果有全文下載下來，一般就是看看摘要，圖表，而這時如果你的表頭和圖例寫的很好，就很容易使讀者理解這篇文獻的意識。另外在表頭和圖例中儘量少用簡寫。
Discussion
討論部分的撰寫一篇論文中最為困難的，也是一篇文獻的精髓，其實可以理解為一篇小型的綜述。那要怎麼寫，也是有套路的，通常來說是先寫自己的主要發現，不要單純的描述結果，對主要結果進行提煉，然後寫一些自己研究結果和之前文獻的差異，當然可以按照主次要結果分開描述，然後不要忘記提出未來研究的方向和研究的侷限性。看看這篇文獻是怎麼寫的：
We sought to determine whether a regimen of UFH every 8 hours was inferior to standard enoxaparin every 12 hours for VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients, as similar effectiveness would provide a cost-savings rationale favoring the use of UFH. In the analysis of the randomized treated sample, we found UFH every 8 hours was noninferior to enoxaparin based on an a priori 10% noninferiority margin with an absolute difference in VTE rates of 3% between treatment groups. Although the two treatments did not differ with regard to adverse events, the pharmaceutical cost of the UFH regimen was nearly。。。。。對結果進行描述
Other studies in diverse patient groups reveal that UFH delivered every 8 hours is an effective VTE prophylaxis. In 1974, evaluating two different regimens of UFH (5,000 U) in general surgery patients, Corrigan et al. 9 found the regimen of every 8 hours superior to dosing every 12 hours for the pre-vention of total DVTs as well as above-knee DVTs.。。。。。。In contrast, results of a recent prospective economic evaluationby Fowleretal。。。。。。(和之前文獻進行比較)
Thus, the most cost-effective VTE chemoprophylaxis in the future may focus on nonheparinoid agents that are more effective in trauma patients. (指出未來研究方向)
Our study has several limitations. (侷限性)
Conclusion
A regimen of UFH every 8 hours may be noninferior to enoxaparin every 12 hours for the prevention of VTE following trauma. Given UFH’s cost advantage, the use of UFH for VTE prophylaxis may offer greater value.